Talk 0: Topic : MiniDLNA media server. Name : Syed Jafer
எமது பைத்தான் வகுப்பின் பயிற்றுனர் செய்யது ஜாபர் தன்னுடைய கணினியில் miniDLNA பல்லூடக வழங்கி (media server) நிறுவுதல் குறித்தும் அதன் பயன்பாடுகள் குறித்தும் உரை வழங்கினார்.
அந்த பயன்பாட்டினை என்னுடைய உபுண்டு இயங்குதளத்தில் நிறுவியது குறித்து இப்பதிவில் காணலாம்.
எந்த பயன்பாட்டையும் உபுண்டு இயங்குதளத்தில் நிறுவல் செய்யவேண்டி இயங்குதளத்தினை நிகழ்நிலைப்படுத்தினேன் (updating)
sudo apt update
இயங்குதளத்தினை நிகழ்நிலைப்படுத்திய பிறகு
sudo apt install minidlna
நிறுவல் நல்லபடியாக முடிந்தது.
இப்பொழுது பல்லுடக வழங்கியைநமக்கு தேவைப்படும் படி கட்டமைத்துகொள்ளும் படிகளை ஒவ்வொன்றாக பார்க்கலாம்.
என்னுடைய கணிணியில் ஒரு பயனறே உள்ளபடியால் அவருக்கு மட்டும் நிறுவலைக் கட்டமைப்பு செய்வோம். பின்னர் பல்லூடக கோப்புகளின் இருப்பிடங்களை கட்டமைப்பு செய்வோம்.
எப்பொழுதும் கணினியில் கட்டமைவை மாற்றும் போது அதனை ஒரு காப்புபிரதி (backup) எடுத்து பயன்படுத்துதல் நன்று.
db_dir=/var/cache/minidlna
log_dir=/var/log/minidlna (create folder manually if not created automatically)
friendly_name=UbuntuMediaServer
மேற்கண்ட வரிகளில்
media_dir என்பது பல்லூடக கோப்புகளை வழங்கியில் காண்பிப்பதற்கான கட்டமைவு ஆகும்.
db_dir என்பது கோப்புகளின் பிற விவரங்களை சேமித்துவைக்க வழங்கி பயன்படுத்தும் கோப்புறை
log_dir என்பது வழங்கி பிழைச்செய்திமற்றும் பிற முக்கிய பயன்பாட்டின் நிகழ்வுகளை பதியும் கோப்புறை
friendly_name என்பது நமது வழங்கிக்கு நாம் வழங்கும் பெயர். பிற dlna நெறிமுறை மூலம் இயங்கும் பயன்பாடுகள் நமது வழங்கியை பயன்படுத்தும் போது இந்த பெயரின் கீழ் கோப்புகளை வழங்கும்.
எனது பரிசோதனைகள்
MX Player – Android லிருந்து பல்லூடக வழங்கியை அணுகுதல்.
Dinesh, an avid movie collector and music lover, had a growing problem. His laptop was bursting at the seams with countless movies, albums, and family photos. Every time he wanted to watch a movie or listen to her carefully curated playlists, he had to sit around his laptop. And if he wanted to share something with his friends, it meant copying with USB drives or spending hours transferring files.
One Saturday evening, after yet another struggle to connect his laptop to his smart TV via a mess of cables, Dinesh decided it was time for a change. He needed a solution that would let his access all his media from any device in his house – phone, tablet, and TV. He needed a media server.
Dinesh fired up his browser and began his search: “How to stream media to all my devices.” He gone through the results – Plex, Jellyfin, Emby… Each option seemed promising but felt too complex, requiring subscriptions or heavy installations.
Frustrated, Dinesh thought, “There must be something simpler. I don’t need all the bells and whistles; I just want to access my files from anywhere in my house.” He refined her search: “lightweight media server for Linux.”
There it was – MiniDLNA. Described as a simple, lightweight DLNA server that was easy to set up and perfect for home use, MiniDLNA (also known as ReadyMedia) seemed to be exactly what Dinesh needed.
MiniDLNA (also known as ReadyMedia) is a lightweight, simple server for streaming media (like videos, music, and pictures) to devices on your network. It is compatible with various DLNA/UPnP (Digital Living Network Alliance/Universal Plug and Play) devices such as smart TVs, media players, gaming consoles, etc.
How to Use MiniDLNA
Here’s a step-by-step guide to setting up and using MiniDLNA on a Linux based system.
1. Install MiniDLNA
To get started, you need to install MiniDLNA. The installation steps can vary slightly depending on your operating system.
For Debian/Ubuntu-based systems:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install minidlna
For Red Hat/CentOS-based systems:
First, enable the EPEL repository,
sudo yum install epel-release
Then, install MiniDLNA,
sudo yum install minidlna
2. Configure MiniDLNA
Once installed, you need to configure MiniDLNA to tell it where to find your media files.
a. Open the MiniDLNA configuration file in a text editor
sudo nano /etc/minidlna.conf
b. Configure the following parameters:
media_dir: Set this to the directories where your media files (music, pictures, and videos) are stored. You can specify different media types for each directory.
media_dir=A,/path/to/music # 'A' is for audio
media_dir=V,/path/to/videos # 'V' is for video
media_dir=P,/path/to/photos # 'P' is for pictures
db_dir=: The directory where the database and cache files are stored.
db_dir=/var/cache/minidlna
log_dir=: The directory where log files are stored.
log_dir=/var/log/minidlna
friendly_name=: The name of your media server. This will appear on your DLNA devices.
friendly_name=Laptop SJ
notify_interval=: The interval in seconds that MiniDLNA will notify clients of its presence. The default is 900 (15 minutes).
notify_interval=900
c. Save and close the file (Ctrl + X, Y, Enter in Nano).
3. Start the MiniDLNA Service
After configuration, start the MiniDLNA service
sudo systemctl start minidlna
To enable it to start at boot,
sudo systemctl enable minidlna
4. Rescan Media Files
To make MiniDLNA scan your media files and add them to its database, you can force a rescan with
sudo minidlnad -R
5. Access Your Media on DLNA/UPnP Devices
Now, your MiniDLNA server should be up and running. You can access your media from any DLNA-compliant device on your network:
On your Smart TV, look for the “Media Server” or “DLNA” option in the input/source menu.
On a Windows PC, go to This PC or Network and find your DLNA server under “Media Devices.”
On Android, use a media player app like VLC or BubbleUPnP to find your server.
6. Check Logs and Troubleshoot
If you encounter any issues, you can check the logs for more information
sudo tail -f /var/log/minidlna/minidlna.log
To setup for a single user
Disable the global daemon
sudo service minidlna stop
sudo update-rc.d minidlna disable
Create the necessary local files and directories as regular user and edit the configuration
mkdir -p ~/.minidlna/cache
cd ~/.minidlna
cp /etc/minidlna.conf .
$EDITOR minidlna.conf
Configure as you would globally above but these definitions need to be defined locally
Firewall Rules: Ensure that your firewall settings allow traffic on the MiniDLNA port (8200 by default) and UPnP (typically port 1900 for UDP).
Update Media Files: Whenever you add or remove files from your media directory, run minidlnad -R to update the database.
Multiple Media Directories: You can have multiple media_dir lines in your configuration if your media is spread across different folders.
To set up MiniDLNA with VLC Media Player so you can stream content from your MiniDLNA server, follow these steps:
Let’s see how to use this in VLC
On Machine
1. Install VLC Media Player
Make sure you have VLC Media Player installed on your device. If not, you can download it from the official VLC website.
2. Open VLC Media Player
Launch VLC Media Player on your computer.
3. Open the UPnP/DLNA Network Stream
Go to the “View” Menu:
On the VLC menu bar, click on View and then Playlist or press Ctrl + L (Windows/Linux) or Cmd + Shift + P (Mac).
Locate Your DLNA Server:
In the left sidebar, you will see an option for Local Network.
Click on Universal Plug'n'Play or UPnP.
VLC will search for available DLNA/UPnP servers on your network.
Select Your MiniDLNA Server:
After a few moments, your MiniDLNA server should appear under the UPnP section.
Click on your server name (e.g., My DLNA Server).
Browse and Play Media:
You will see the folders you configured (e.g., Music, Videos, Pictures).
Navigate through the folders and double-click on a media file to start streaming.
4. Alternative Method: Open Network Stream
If you know the IP address of your MiniDLNA server, you can connect directly:
Open Network Stream:
Click on Media in the menu bar and select Open Network Stream... or press Ctrl + N (Windows/Linux) or Cmd + N (Mac).
Enter the URL:
Enter the URL of your MiniDLNA server in the format http://[Server IP]:8200.
Example: http://192.168.1.100:8200.
Click “Play”:
Click on the Play button to start streaming from your MiniDLNA server.
5. Tips for Better Streaming Experience
Ensure the Server is Running: Make sure the MiniDLNA server is running and the media files are correctly indexed.
Network Stability: A stable local network connection is necessary for smooth streaming. Use a wired connection if possible or ensure a strong Wi-Fi signal.
Firewall Settings: Ensure that the firewall on your server allows traffic on port 8200 (or the port specified in your MiniDLNA configuration).
On Android
To set up and stream content from MiniDLNA using an Android app, you will need a DLNA/UPnP client app that can discover and stream media from DLNA servers. Several apps are available for this purpose, such as VLC for Android, BubbleUPnP, Kodi, and others. Here’s how to use VLC for Android and BubbleUPnP, two popular choices
Tap on the menu button (three horizontal lines) in the upper-left corner of the screen.
Select Local Network from the sidebar menu.
Find Your MiniDLNA Server:
VLC will automatically search for DLNA/UPnP servers on your local network. After a few moments, your MiniDLNA server should appear in the list.
Tap on the name of your MiniDLNA server (e.g., My DLNA Server).
Browse and Play Media:
You will see your media folders (e.g., Music, Videos, Pictures) as configured in your MiniDLNA setup.
Navigate to the desired folder and tap on any media file to start streaming.
Additional Tips
Ensure MiniDLNA is Running: Make sure your MiniDLNA server is properly configured and running on your local network.
Check Network Connection: Ensure your Android device is connected to the same local network (Wi-Fi) as the MiniDLNA server.
Firewall Settings: If you are not seeing the MiniDLNA server in your app, ensure that the server’s firewall settings allow DLNA/UPnP traffic.
Some Problems That you may face
minidlna.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=255/EXCEPTION - check the logs. Mostly its due to an instance already running on port 8200. Kill that and reload the db. lsof -i :8200 will give PID. and `kill -9 <PID>` will kill the process.
If the media files is not refreshing, then try minidlnad -f /home/$USER/.minidlna/minidlna.conf -R or `sudo minidlnad -R`
Database models define the structure, relationships, and operations that can be performed on a database. Different database models are used based on the specific needs of an application or organization. Here are the most common types of database models:
1. Hierarchical Database Model
Structure: Data is organized in a tree-like structure with a single root, where each record has a single parent but can have multiple children.
Usage: Best for applications with a clear hierarchical relationship, like organizational structures or file systems.
Example: IBM’s Information Management System (IMS).
Advantages: Fast access to data through parent-child relationships.
Disadvantages: Rigid structure; difficult to reorganize or restructure.
2. Network Database Model
Structure: Data is organized in a graph structure, where each record can have multiple parent and child records, forming a network of relationships.
Usage: Useful for complex relationships, such as in telecommunications or transportation networks.
Example: Integrated Data Store (IDS).
Advantages: Flexible representation of complex relationships.
Disadvantages: Complex design and navigation; can be difficult to maintain.
3. Relational Database Model
Structure: Data is organized into tables (relations) where each table consists of rows (records) and columns (fields). Relationships between tables are managed through keys.
Usage: Widely used in various applications, including finance, retail, and enterprise software.
Example: MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle Database, Microsoft SQL Server.
Advantages: Simplicity, data integrity, flexibility in querying through SQL.
Disadvantages: Can be slower for very large datasets or highly complex queries.
4. Object-Oriented Database Model
Structure: Data is stored as objects, similar to objects in object-oriented programming. Each object contains both data and methods for processing the data.
Usage: Suitable for applications that require the modeling of complex data and relationships, such as CAD, CAM, and multimedia databases.
Example: db4o, ObjectDB.
Advantages: Seamless integration with object-oriented programming languages, reusability of objects.
Disadvantages: Complexity, not as widely adopted as relational databases.
5. Document-Oriented Database Model
Structure: Data is stored in document collections, with each document being a self-contained piece of data often in JSON, BSON, or XML format.
Usage: Ideal for content management systems, real-time analytics, and big data applications.
Example: MongoDB, CouchDB.
Advantages: Flexible schema design, scalability, ease of storing hierarchical data.
Disadvantages: May require denormalization, leading to potential data redundancy.
6. Key-Value Database Model
Structure: Data is stored as key-value pairs, where each key is unique, and the value can be a string, number, or more complex data structure.
Usage: Best for applications requiring fast access to simple data, such as caching, session management, and real-time analytics.
Example: Redis, DynamoDB, Riak.
Advantages: High performance, simplicity, scalability.
Disadvantages: Limited querying capabilities, lack of complex relationships.
7. Column-Family Database Model
Structure: Data is stored in columns rather than rows, with each column family containing a set of columns that are logically related.
Usage: Suitable for distributed databases, handling large volumes of data across multiple servers.
Example: Apache Cassandra, HBase.
Advantages: High write and read performance, efficient storage of sparse data.
Disadvantages: Complexity in design and maintenance, not as flexible for ad-hoc queries.
8. Graph Database Model
Structure: Data is stored as nodes (entities) and edges (relationships) forming a graph. Each node represents an object, and edges represent the relationships between objects.
Usage: Ideal for social networks, recommendation engines, fraud detection, and any scenario where relationships between entities are crucial.
Example: Neo4j, Amazon Neptune.
Advantages: Efficient traversal and querying of complex relationships, flexible schema.
Disadvantages: Not as efficient for operations on large sets of unrelated data.
9. Multimodel Database
Structure: Supports multiple data models (e.g., relational, document, graph) within a single database engine.
Usage: Useful for applications that require different types of data storage and querying mechanisms.
Example: ArangoDB, Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB.
Advantages: Flexibility, ability to handle diverse data requirements within a single system.
Disadvantages: Complexity in management and optimization.
10. Time-Series Database Model
Structure: Specifically designed to handle time-series data, where each record is associated with a timestamp.
Usage: Best for applications like monitoring, logging, and real-time analytics where data changes over time.
Example: InfluxDB, TimescaleDB.
Advantages: Optimized for handling and querying large volumes of time-stamped data.
Disadvantages: Limited use cases outside of time-series data.
11. NoSQL Database Model
Structure: An umbrella term for various non-relational database models, including key-value, document, column-family, and graph databases.
Usage: Ideal for handling unstructured or semi-structured data, and scenarios requiring high scalability and flexibility.
Example: MongoDB, Cassandra, Couchbase, Neo4j.
Advantages: Flexibility, scalability, high performance for specific use cases.
Disadvantages: Lack of standardization, potential data consistency challenges.
Summary
Each database model serves different purposes, and the choice of model depends on the specific requirements of the application, such as data structure, relationships, performance needs, and scalability. While relational databases are still the most widely used, NoSQL and specialized databases have become increasingly important for handling diverse data types and large-scale applications.
Caution: We are just starting from basics. Even if you don’t understand below concepts there is no problem.
In our previous adventures, we’ve dabbled in Docker’s mysterious arts, running containers, inspecting them, and even detaching them to roam in the background.
Today, we’re stepping up our game by diving into Docker port mapping and the powerful docker logs command. And what better companion for this journey than the Tomcat image, a trusty open-source web server that brings Java servlets to life?
Summoning the Tomcat Image
To begin, we need to summon our new ally: the Tomcat image. Tomcat is a legendary web server that, by default, operates on port 8080 within its container. But what if we want to make this web server accessible to the outside world through a different port? This is where Docker’s port mapping comes into play.
First, let’s visit the Docker Hub and search for the Tomcat image. Once there, we can see that Tomcat will run on port 8080 by default. We’ll need to expose this port and map it to a port on our host machine using the -p option.
Port Mapping: Connecting the Container to the World
Docker port mapping allows us to make the services inside our container accessible from the outside world by forwarding a host port to a container port. The syntax for port mapping is:
-p <host_port>:<container_port>
For example, let’s say we want to map port 8080 inside the container to port 8888 on our host machine. This means that when we access port 8888 on our host, we’ll actually be talking to port 8080 inside the Tomcat container.
Let’s see this in action.
Running Tomcat with Port Mapping
Fire up your Docker terminal, make sure the font size is nice and large, and enter the following command:
docker run -it -p 8888:8080 tomcat:8.0
Here’s what’s happening:
-it runs the container interactively.
-p 8888:8080 maps port 8080 inside the container to port 8888 on our host.
tomcat:8.0 specifies the Tomcat image and its version.
Now, sit back and relax (or maybe grab a coffee) as Docker pulls down the Tomcat image. It’s about 300 MB, so depending on your internet connection, this might take a moment.
Once the image is downloaded, Docker will spin up the container, and our Tomcat server will be ready to roll.
Accessing the Tomcat Server
With the Tomcat container up and running, we can access the Tomcat web server through our web browser. But first, we need to know where to find it.
If you’re running Docker on Linux, or using Docker for Mac or Windows, the host IP is simply localhost. If you’re using Docker Machine, you’ll need to grab the IP address of the Docker Machine.
Now, open up your browser, type in localhost:8888 (or your Docker Machine’s IP address followed by :8888), and hit Enter.
The Tomcat console page should greet you warmly.
Running Tomcat in Detached Mode
While running a container in the foreground is great for testing, in production, we typically want our containers to run in the background. For this, we use the -d flag to run the container in detached mode.
Let’s modify our previous command to run Tomcat in the background:
docker run -d -p 8888:8080 tomcat:8.0
After hitting Enter, Docker will return a long container ID, confirming that Tomcat is now running in the background, silently serving up Java servlets.
Checking Container Status with docker ps -a
Curious about the status of your Tomcat container? Use the docker ps -a command to list all the containers on your system, including those that have exited. This is a handy way to check if your container is still running or if it has quietly exited.
docker ps -a
Reading the Tea Leaves: docker logs
Sometimes, you want to peek into the inner workings of your running containers to see what they’re up to. This is where the docker logs command comes in. It lets you view the logs generated by your container, which can be incredibly useful for debugging or just keeping an eye on things.
Let’s say you want to check the logs of your running Tomcat container. You would run:
Once upon a time in the electronic city of Banglore, there was a popular digital tea kadai. This cafe was unique because it didn’t serve traditional coffee or pastries. Instead, it served data and services to its customers developers, businesses, and tech enthusiasts who were hungry for information and resources.
The Client:
One day, a young developer named Dinesh walked into tea kadai. He was working on a new app and needed to fetch some data from the cafe’s servers. In this story, Dinesh represents the client. As a client, his role was to request specific services and data from the cafe. He approached the counter and handed over his order slip, detailing what he needed.
The Server:
Behind the counter was Syed, the tea master, representing the server. Syed’s job was to take Dinesh’s request, process it, and deliver the requested data back to him.
Syed had access to a vast array of resources stored in the cafe’s back room, where all the data was kept. When Dinesh made his request, Syed quickly went to the back, gathered the data, and handed it back to Dinesh.
The client-server architecture at Tea Kadai worked seamlessly.
Dinesh, as the client, could make requests whenever he needed, and
Syed, as the server, would respond by providing the requested data.
This interaction was efficient, allowing many clients to be served by a single server at the cafe.
Docker’s Client-Server Technology
As Tea Kadai grew in popularity, it decided to expand its services to deliver data more efficiently and flexibly. To do this, they adopted a new technology called Docker, which helped them manage their operations more effectively.
Docker Client:
In the world of Docker at Tea Kadai, Dinesh still played the role of the client. But now, instead of just making simple data requests, she could request entire environments where he could test and run his applications.
These environments, called containers, were like personalized booths in the cafe where Alice could have her own setup with everything she needed to work on her app.
Dinesh used a special tool called the Docker Client to place his order. With this tool, he could specify exactly what he wanted in his container like the operating system, libraries, and applications needed for his app. The Docker Client was her interface for communicating with the cafe’s new backend system.
Docker Server (Daemon):
Behind the scenes, Tea Kadai had installed a powerful system known as the Docker Daemon, which acted as the server in this setup. The Docker Daemon was responsible for creating, running, and managing the containers requested by clients like Dinesh.
When Dinesh sent his container request using the Docker Client, the Docker Daemon received it, built the container environment, and handed it back to Dinesh for use.
Docker Images:
The Tea Kadai had a collection of premade recipes called Docker Images. These images were like blueprints for creating containers, containing all the necessary ingredients and instructions.
When Dinesh requested a new container, the Docker Daemon used these images to quickly prepare the environment.
Flexibility and Isolation:
The beauty of Docker at Tea Kadai was that it allowed multiple clients like Dinesh to have their containers running simultaneously, each isolated from the others. This isolation ensured that one client’s work wouldn’t interfere with another’s, just like having separate booths in the cafe for each customer. Dinesh could run, test, and even destroy his environment without affecting anyone else.
At the end,
In the vibrant city of Banglore, Tea Kadai thrived by adopting client-server architecture and Docker’s client-server technology. This approach allowed them to efficiently serve data and services while providing flexible, isolated environments for their clients. Dinesh and many others continued to come to tea kadai, knowing they could always get what they needed in a reliable and innovative way.
Here,we are going to discuss about how to install apache server in debian.
sudo apt update
sudo apt install apache2
Once,the packages are installed in your system.Run the server by the following command.
sudo systemctl start apache2
Now you can check the status whether it is running or not by using..,
sudo systemctl status apache2
Active: active (running) since Thu 2024-02-08 18:37:49 IST; 11s ago You can check that it is running.Also there is a another method to check by entering http://localhost/ in any of your browser.
sudo systemctl enable apache2
If you don’t want to start every time and by default the server should be on running,use the above command.It starts automatically when the system boots.
sudo systemctl stop apache2
This command will stop the server.
sudo systemctl disable apache2
This will disable the server and is not running after the system boots.
Now,we can see how to remove apache server.
sudo apt remove --purge apache2
This will remove the apache2 server from your system.
sudo apt autoremove
This command is used to remove the apache related dependencies automatically from the system.
Login
