Emacs, a versatile text editor, can initially seem tedious, but mastering a few basic shortcuts can make it a powerful tool. Here’s a simplified list of essential shortcuts for beginners.

Navigation

1. Moving the Cursor

Up and Down Arrows: Move up and down.
Left and Right Arrows: Move left and right.
Home and End: Jump to the start and end of the line.

2) Scrolling

Page Up and Page Down: Scroll through the text.

Editing

1. Cut, Copy, and Paste

Ctrl + K: Cut text.
Ctrl + Y: Paste text.

2) Undo and Redo

Ctrl + / or Ctrl + _: Undo.

File Operations

1. Opening and Saving

Ctrl + X + Ctrl + F: Open a file.
Ctrl + X + Ctrl + S: Save the current file.
Ctrl + X + Ctrl + W: Save with a different name.

2) Closing and Quitting

Ctrl + X + K: Close the current file.
Ctrl + X + Ctrl + C: Quit Emacs.

Search and Replace

Search
Ctrl + S: Search forward.
Ctrl + R: Search backward.
Alt + % or Ctrl + X + R: Search and replace.

Miscellaneous

1. Help

Ctrl + H + T: Open the Emacs tutorial.
Ctrl + H + A: Search for a command.
Ctrl + H + K: Describe a shortcut.

2) Running Commands

Alt + X: Run a command by name.

3) Customization

Alt + X + Customize: Access the customization interface.

These simplified shortcuts will help you navigate, edit, and manage files in Emacs. As you get comfortable, you can explore more advanced features and customize Emacs to suit your needs. Emacs has a steep learning curve, but once you get the hang of it, you’ll find it to be a powerful ally for text editing and beyond.

Happy editing!

Virtualisation has revolutionised the way we use and manage computers, allowing us to create and run multiple virtual machines (VMs) on a single physical host. In this guide, we will walk through the steps to set up KVM on a Linux system and run a VM in terminal mode.

Prerequisite: Before proceeding the following steps, one should have downloaded the stable Linux ISO on their local machine.

Step 1: Preparing the Host System

sudo apt update
egrep -c ‘(vmx|svm)’ /proc/cpuinfo

From the above output, you can deduce that virtualisation is enabled since the result printed is greater than 0. If Virtualisation is not enabled, be sure to enable the virtualisation feature in your system’s BIOS settings.

Step 2: Enabling Virtualisation

Next, we will enable virtualization in the BIOS/UEFI settings. Access your BIOS/UEFI setup during system boot and navigate to the “bias settings > configuration” section.

Step 3: Installing Required Packages

sudo apt install cpu-checker
kvm-ok
sudo apt install -y qemu-kvm virt-manager libvirt-daemon-system virtinst libvirt-clients bridge-utils
sudo systemctl enable –now libvirtd
sudo systemctl start libvirtd
sudo systemctl status libvirtd
sudo usermod -aG kvm $USER
sudo usermod -aG libvirt $USER

Step 4: Launching KVM Virtualisation

virt-manager

Step 5: Running Linux VM in Terminal Mode

Please note that the following commands should be executed in the KVM terminal, not on the local machine.

If you are using the server edition, you can skip the steps below.

After successfully burning the ISO file to the VM, we can proceed with the process of converting the GUI into terminal mode by executing the commands below. Doing this will increase VM performance and reduce processing time.

Backup the GRUB configuration file:

sudo cp -n /etc/default/grub /etc/default/grub.backup

Edit the GRUB configuration:

sudo vim /etc/default/grub

Modify the GRUB settings:

• Disable the splash screen: Change GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" to #GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
• Set the default runlevel to text mode: Change GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="text"
• Enable console terminal: Remove the # from the line #GRUB_TERMINAL="console"

Save and exit the editor by pressing :x.

Update GRUB configuration:

sudo update-grub

Set the default target to multi-user (text mode):

sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target

Conclusion:

Conclusion: In this guide, we explored the process of setting up Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) on a Linux system, enabling us to create and manage virtual machines. We also learned how to configure a Linux virtual machine to run in terminal mode for efficient resource usage. Virtualisation opens up a world of possibilities for testing, development, and server consolidation, allowing us to make the most of our hardware resources.

Prerequisites: LAMP stack (Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP) should be installed.

Step 1:

Log in to the MySQL server as the root user:

Create a new database and user for your Drupal site:

CREATE DATABASE drupaldb;
CREATE USER ‘drupaluser’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘your_password’;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON drupaldb.* TO ‘drupaluser’@’localhost’;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;

Step 2:

Download the latest drupal zip file

Rename the zip file

Unzip the file

Sudo configuring drupal

Creating the drupal configuration file

Copy the command inside in the file

Adding the host name to multiple application

Add IP and unique host name to run multiple application with getting collide. Likewise here in (eg., drupal.localhost.in)

Enabling the virtual host and rewriting the module

Finally enter your http://drupal.localhost.in in your browser.

Similarly we can install the applications such as wordpress and mediawiki with the steps and comments provided above. install file name, Db creation, and host file configuration could be vary.